FARMING
ORGANIC FARMING
Organic farming is an agricultural practice that emphasizes the use of natural techniques to maintain soil health and ecosystem balance. It avoids synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, instead relying on methods such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, and biological pest control.
Organic farming recognizes the intrinsic connection between our health and the methods used to produce our food. By banning artificial fertilizers, organic farmers focus on enriching soil through crop rotation, compost, and natural manure. Strict standards govern organic farming practices, prioritizing wildlife protection and environmental sustainability. This holistic approach harnesses natural processes to enhance farm ecology and address climate-friendly food production. Organic farming reduces dependence on oil-based fertilizers and pesticides, increases soil carbon storage, and can potentially offset a significant portion of agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions.
As the global population grows, increasing agricultural production sustainably becomes crucial. The ‘Green Revolution’ has reached its limits, and reliance on high-input, non-renewable agrochemicals is proving unsustainable. Organic farming offers a viable alternative by reducing dependency on fossil fuels and promoting environmental balance. This approach helps preserve natural resources and can mitigate future costs related to foreign exchange and environmental damage.
Farmers choose organic methods primarily due to environmental concerns and the desire to avoid synthetic chemicals used in conventional agriculture. Organic farming also addresses the high energy consumption associated with chemical production. Many organic farmers find their methods both profitable and personally rewarding, as they align with their values of environmental stewardship and sustainability.
Organic farming incorporates several key techniques:
- Crop Rotation: Growing different crops in the same area sequentially to maintain soil fertility and reduce pest build-up.
- Green Manure: Incorporating decomposed plants into the soil to enhance nutrient levels and soil quality.
- Biological Pest Control: Utilizing natural predators and organisms to manage pests, minimizing or eliminating the need for chemical interventions.
- Compost: Using recycled organic matter as a nutrient-rich fertilizer to improve soil health and fertility.
Contract Farming
Contract Farming is an institutional arrangements in which bothproducers and the processors/exporters enter into a contract tosupply and purchase, respectively, a specified quantum ofcommodity, at a pre-determined price and for a specified periodof time.Contract farming can be defined as agricultural production carried out according to an agreement between a buyer and farmers, which establishes conditions for the production and marketing of a farm product or products. Typically, the farmer agrees to provide agreed quantities of a specific agricultural product. These should meet the quality standards of the purchaser and be supplied at the time determined by the purchaser. In turn, the buyer commits to purchase the product and, in some cases, to support production through, for example, the supply of farm inputs, land preparation and the provision of technical advice.
For the first time it was introduced in Taiwan in 1895 by Japanese government In India it was introduced by Pepsi company for the cultivation of vegetables particularly tomato and potato in Hosiarpur taluk of Rajasthan in 1927 In Karnataka contract farming was started with the cultivation of gherkin in 20th century
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The farming contracts may fall into three categories Market specification contracts :- are pre harvest agreement that bind the processing firm and the growth to a particular set of conditions governing the sale of the crop. These conditions often specify price, quality and timing. Resource –Providing Contracts :- obliges the processor to supply crop inputs, extension or credit, in exchange for a marketing agreement. Production management contracts – binds the farmer to fallow a particular production method a input regimen, usually in exchange for a marketing agreement or resource provision.
To reduce the load on the central & state level procurement system.To increase private sector investment in agriculture. To bring about a market focus in terms of crop selection by Indian farmers.To generate a steady source of income at the individual farmer level.To promote processing & value addition.To generate gainful employment in rural communities, particularly for landless agricultural labour.To flatten as far as possible, any seasonality associated with such employment.To reduce migration from ruralto urban areas.To promote rural self-reliance in general by pooling locally available resources & expertise to meet new challenges.
Exposure To World Class Mechanised Agro Technology.Obtains An Assured Up Front Price & Market Outlet For His Produce.No Requirement To Grade Fruit, As Mandatory For Fresh Market Sale.Bulk Supplies Versus Small Lots As Again Reqd By The Fresh Market. Crop Monitoring On A Regular Basis. Technical Advice, Free Of Cost At His Doorstep. Supplies Of Healthy Disease Free Nursery,Agricultural Implements,Technical Bulletins Etc.Remunerative Returns
